Lori Huang4th year BIOSC major and pre-med student Every Wednesday, I head over to Third Presbyterian Church and walk into a room filled with stacks of fabric in plastic boxes and rows of sewing machines. Above the overflowing boxes, colorful paper cutouts cheerfully spell out “Days for Girls” on the wall. Days for Girls is a non-profit that makes and distributes sustainable fabric menstrual pads to girls around the world. The goal is to provide girls with menstrual education and these pads so they can continue going to school while on their period. At the Pittsburgh chapter of Days for Girls at the church, volunteers can make the pads that are then delivered where they are needed. I have cut, sewn, and checked the quality of the different components that go into the pad. These include the liner, which is the absorbent material that goes in the center of the pad, as well as the waterproof shields, which are where the liners are inserted. My favorite task is packing the menstrual kits, each of which includes two shields, seven liners, a washcloth, and a bar of soap. It’s both relaxing and satisfying once you get into the rhythm of packing the kits and progressively get faster. While volunteering there, I have gained a greater appreciation for the menstrual products available to me as well as a wider perspective on the world due to where we send the kits. For example, when I first began volunteering, we were preparing pads for a refugee camp in Jordan. As we were pinning together liners, Reverend Karie, who leads the Pittsburgh chapter, instructed me to remove any fabric that depicted food on it. Puzzled, I asked her why and she explained that since we were sending the kits to a refugee camp, the girls who will receive the kits might not have abundant food available. To put it simply, it would be unkind to provide food imagery when they may not be able to eat. Having never been without food, discarding the “food fabric” is something I would have never considered. Her comment reinforced my desire to volunteer with Days for Girls. While I could not deliver food to the refugee camp, at the very least I could make the female refugees’ lives a bit more comfortable with the pads I was making. I am excited to be able to stay in Pittsburgh after I graduate so I can continue making pads and packing kits. I have the satisfaction of knowing that somewhere, a girl will be able to use the pad I am constructing and have the freedom to go to school. If you are interested in volunteering for the Pittsburgh chapter of Days for Girls, you can contact Reverend Karie Charlton at [email protected].
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Jacob Frenchman4th year BIOSC major and soon-to-be med student This week, I’ll be picking up where I left off with my first post and will be outlining the secondary application and interview process for the medical school application cycle and talking about my experiences with both. The Secondary Application. A secondary application is a school specific application. It is sent to the applicant after the school has received their primary. Some programs will screen applications prior to sending a secondary, but most don’t — instead sending a secondary to everybody who applied. Secondaries contain school specific demographic and program questions, and essays for the applicant to write. From my experience, the number of essays varied from 0 to 7. Secondary application season begins after the medical schools receive the primary application. For me, this began within 1-2 days of my application being verified, but the day I received each secondary varied based on the school. A good rule of thumb to follow is to submit a secondary in equal to or less than 14 days after receiving it. Some schools specifically stated this deadline, while most (from my experience) did not. Regardless, I found it beneficial to get the secondaries done within 2 weeks. This was challenging at the time and required some triage at the height of secondary season due to the volume I had received, but by the second week of August I was done. Throughout the process I had to write many essays on a variety of topics, such as “Challenge” essays, “Why this school” essays, and “Diversity” essays. Each school will have a unique take on their topics but staying true to your story and life will help you tackle these prompts. I also realized that as I wrote more, the quality of my writing improved, so I felt like some of my later writing was better than the writing at the beginning. Writing multiple drafts of secondaries helped me improve the quality to the best I could, and having a few trusted eyes read my work also ensured that the quality of my writing remained high and true to myself, despite writing burnout. Secondary burnout is real, but the secondary application is an important aspect of the whole application file reviewed by each program’s admissions committee. Thus, it is important to stave off burnout as best as possible by taking breaks, varying the location you write in, and still taking time for yourself so the best essays possible are submitted to each school. After the primary and secondary is completed, schools will begin reviewing applicant files and elect to (hopefully) interview the applicant! The Interview In this last section, I am going to briefly write down some interview tips that I found helpful. Mock interviewing helped me prepare for potential questions I would be asked and helped me work on my nerves and how I talked about myself. Surprisingly, I found that reflecting on my own life and learning to talk about myself and my story was very challenging. Mock interviewing helped a lot for this. A second thing that was very helpful for me was brainstorming a cohesive story to tell in response to the typical “tell me about yourself?” “Why medicine?” and “Why this school?” questions that may come up during interviews. For the “tell me about yourself?” and “why medicine?” questions, my answers were the same for each interview because they were my stories. But, for the “why this school?” question, I would do research on each program interviewing me and do a deep dive on their website and social media to help craft a real answer as to why I and the program were a great fit. Lastly, despite it being extremely awkward, I found that recording myself answering interview questions and then reviewing the recordings was extremely helpful in practicing my delivery, minimizing nervous ticks I didn’t know I had, and improving my confidence. A great piece of advice I received was: “You want to rehearse so much that you don’t sound like you rehearsed.” Again, like the advice I quoted in blog post 1, it’s vague—but it really is true. Well, this concludes my blog posts on my tips/tricks for the medical school application process. I hope you find this helpful and wish you tons of success on your own application journey! Jacob Frenchman4th year BIOSC major and soon-to-be med student Like many of my Pitt classmates, I applied to medical school during this application cycle (2021-2022). The medical school application cycle has been filled with hard work, moments of stress, and moments of relief, much like the rest of the pre-med process. I have also learned some valuable lessons about time-management, interviewing, and self-reflection. In my blog posts this semester, I am going to break down the three major blocks of the application cycle and include some perspective on what I think worked well for me, and what I wish I knew before I started. Specifically in this post, I will be reflecting on my experience with the primary application (the first official step in the cycle). The Primary Application. The first official component of the medical school application cycle will be the primary app. Think of it as your high school common app because it is one document distributed to every AMCAS school you apply to. The primary application will include demographic information, academic record, a work and activities (W&A) section, personal statement (PS), MCAT scores*, letters of recommendation*, and your school list*. When entering your entire academic record there are a few things to keep in mind: you must include EVERY college level course you have taken (including high school dual enrollment and community college) and you must send AMCAS transcripts from every institution you took a course at. Additionally, you must enter all your courses and grades manually, which is a bit of a pain, but probably the simplest aspect of the application process! The W&A section and Personal statement are going to be the brunt of the work in your primary, but do not underestimate their value in your application. There are a variety of strategies on how to structures these essays; but ultimately, it’s up to you to decide how you want to write them. The most important pieces of advice I was given was to make sure your story comes through in them and find a few trusted mentors to review, review, and review your essays some more. Lastly, I was always reminded to remember that the prompt for the personal statement is “Why medicine?”, not “Why would you be a good doctor?”. I placed an asterisk next to MCAT scores, letters of recommendation, and school list because the primary application can technically be submitted for processing by AMCAS without your MCAT score, all your letters of recommendation, and a completed school list. You only need to send your primary to 1 school to initiate the verification process. For me, I took my MCAT the last week of May and submitted my primary for verification a week later in June without my official MCAT score or every letter of recommendation completed by my mentors. So, once I received my official MCAT score a month later, I added additional programs to my school list in the AMCAS portal and then delegated all of my letters of recommendation to each specific program I was applying to. This strategy can be intimidating because you are beginning the process without a vital piece of the application, but if you took all the AMCAS full lengths (FL) under exam conditions, and barring any very unpredictable MCAT test day issues, using the FL average to guide your school list can help you get an idea of the programs you will be most competitive at on paper. When I employed this strategy to begin the verification process, I only applied to programs I knew I would apply to even if I bombed my real MCAT. For me, this was only my in-state programs. This worked out very well for me because my primary application was officially verified 2 days before my MCAT score release. So, as soon as I received a score, I added additional programs into AMCAS and started receiving secondary applications the next morning. For reference: the cycle usually opens the last week of May, and you want to submit your primary either that week or during the first 1-2 weeks of June because it will take 4-6 weeks to have everything verified by AMCAS. The longer you wait to submit the primary, the longer it will be until you are verified, which delays when the primary is sent to your school list. Therefore, further delaying when you receive secondaries from your school lists. A good rule of thumb is to complete your primary as fast as possible without sacrificing the quality of your W&A/PS — I know, how vague. Thank you so much for reading this first installment of my experiences with the med school app cycle, I hope you enjoyed it at least a little! I tried to include the most essential information, but there is so much, and this was barely scratching the surface! If you want to discuss the application process, feel free to swing by my office hours on Wednesdays 2-3 PM in Clapp L10 or on zoom! Kamron Woods4th year MICRO major and pre-MD/PhD The National Institutes of Health (NIH) offer many opportunities for scientists to further their training at some of the best-resourced facilities in the world. One of the opportunities for recent graduates is the Postbaccalaureate Intramural Research Training Award (Postbac IRTA). This research-based program is designed to prepare students for health professions (medical, dental, pharmacy, nursing, veterinary, etc.), as well as graduate school programs. Fellows conduct full-time research for 1-2 years under the guidance of world-renowned scientists. There are vast opportunities to do research in specific fields, as the NIH has six different campuses throughout the U.S.
The application for the Posbac IRTA requires a CV, coursework and grades, three references, areas of research interest, and a cover letter that elaborates on your previous research experience (if you have some), as well as your reasons for wanting additional experience at the NIH. It’s always a good idea to have a few people read over your application materials before you submit your final version (thank you Dr. Sarah Hainer and Gabby Galli!). After your application is submitted, you can begin to contact NIH investigators with whom you are interested in working. There are a little over a thousand NIH investigators, but they are categorized by research area. If you have a general idea of what you are interested in studying, then this makes the process easier. For example, I sought out investigators who conduct research in the “microbiology and infectious diseases” category. Some researchers may contact you after viewing your application in the database. I was contacted by a lab that studies human norovirus at the Vaccine Research Center and interviewed for an available postbac position! Before my interview, I asked if they had any papers that would provide more context about their research project. Reading these papers allowed me to prepare questions, which is a great way to show your interest in a laboratory’s work. In addition to discussing the paper, I was asked about my previous experiences in research, volunteering, hobbies, and what I would consider my greatest strengths and weaknesses. In my experience, many PIs aren’t interested in intensely grilling applicants, they are just looking for mentees who will show dedication and enthusiasm in their work. I am currently waiting to hear back from this lab. Fingers crossed! If you have any questions about the NIH Postbac IRTA program or need advice about contacting PIs feel free to send me an email or stop by my office hours on Fridays from 10 AM - 11AM! Mikaela Baratka4th year E&E major and pre-PhD student It’s that time of the year where everyone seems to be drowning in exams. Fortunately for me, I managed to score a final semester with no exams (!!), but every single student at this university has been there: exam after exam, paper after paper with no end in sight. Now, I can’t magically make your exams disappear (but you can try in your last semester!), but I can try to share some of the study skills I have found most helpful in those challenging courses. Before I dive into these skills, I want to preface with one very important thing: every single person learns differently, just because these skills worked for me does not mean they will for you. I recommend taking what I am going to lay out here and adapting them as you figure out what works best for your brain. The one thing that I have used in a number of classes is “cheat sheets”. I don’t mean actually attempting to cheat-- if anything I’m here to advise against breaking the academic code of conduct. I mean creating note sheets summarizing the most important things from lectures so they’re all in one place. This has forced me to reread all of my lecture notes, turn back to slides, and even consult the textbook as it helps to identify concepts you aren’t super certain about. Rewriting your lecture notes and condensing them will also help instill them in your brain. I’m not sure of the exact science, but it’s the same idea for writing your own notes instead of just annotating a PowerPoint slide. The way that I personally go about this method is by first just flipping through my notes and identifying the major concepts that a professor talked about in class. I either did this at the end of every week (in courses like Organic Chemistry and Physics), or towards the end of each unit (in courses like Biostatistics, Biochemistry, and Genetics). As the exams were approaching, I’d refer back to my “cheat sheets” and add to them as I understood more of the concept. I also found that color coding these sheets was helpful, but that’s mainly because I learn better in color. These sheets don’t have to be perfect, it’s the practice of making them that helps you better prepare for the test. One of my other major study tactics isn’t always applicable to all courses and that is flashcard matching games. If you have a vocabulary heavy test, sure traditional flashcards may be helpful, but for most classes they can’t really be utilized. I never really found flashcards that helpful unless I had to commit something to memory, until I had an idea when I took Genetics my sophomore year. At this point it was so long ago, I’m not entirely sure what the topic was I made the matching game for, but I did. Since I can’t remember that specific iteration, I’ll share one that I still use as a biochemistry UTA to aid students. I bought a pack of flashcards that had 4 different colored cards (you can do this with plain cards and colored pens). On each color I wrote either the enzyme, the step (products à reactants), intermediates, or regulation. I shuffled them up and tried to match them up, each time identifying which steps of the pathway I needed to review. I did that same for the citric acid cycle and before you know it, I had both pathways down and did extremely well on that exam. I did a similar thing with amino acids (structures, names, and the two different abbreviations). Finally, I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again, don’t be afraid to go to office hours. If all else fails and you cannot understand something, don’t be afraid to ask. The professors and TAs are here to help you succeed. One of the things I have done in the past is if the homework allows two or three attempts to do each problem, I do them once (or twice) on my own and then go to office hours and figure out where I messed up before resubmitting. This helped me figure out tricky problems which often times would show up on exams in slightly altered form (and helped to ensure I got the most points possible for the homework!). Again, none of these methods are guaranteed to work for you, but I’ve recommended these tactics to friends and students who have also found them helpful. I hope you find a study method that works best for you, and you can adapt it for all those tricky classes. Best of luck on your exams! Gopika RajanikanthBIOSC senior & pre-genetic counseling student With spring break and then summer (!!!) quickly approaching, maybe you want to spend some time away from class reading a book or two. I’ve compiled a list of books I’ve read that I think students in the biological sciences department would find interesting. There are both fiction and nonfiction books here, so hopefully, you’ll find something you’re interested in. Still Alice by Lisa Genova This fiction novel follows Alice Howland, a distinguished psychology professor at Harvard, who slowly realizes she’s beginning to forget things. She receives a terrifying diagnosis: Alzheimer’s Disease. This book follows Alice and her family through the progression of her disease and what challenges they face. This book is beautifully written and absolutely heartbreaking. It’s honestly one of my favorite books I’ve ever read. A Crack in Creation by Jennifer A. Doudna and Samuel H. Sternberg As students in the biological sciences department, we all have learned about CRISPR in at least one of our classes. This book is written by Jennifer Doudna, one of the scientists who won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology. This book follows Doudna’s journey in the lab to develop this technology and also includes her thoughts about the ethical implications of CRISPR. Dreamland: The True Tale of America’s Opiate Epidemic by Sam Quinones I actually read this book because it was assigned in one of my anthropology classes, but I found it very interesting. This book follows the story of the Opiate epidemic in the United States and just how many different factors came together to result in this. Quinones has woven all these different narratives together beautifully to make this a fascinating and informative read. I highly recommend this book to anyone thinking about pursuing a career in healthcare. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures- Anne Fadiman This nonfiction book follows the story of Lia Lee, the daughter of Hmong immigrants who develops symptoms, which western medicine defines as epilepsy. Fadiman discusses the conflict between Lia’s parents and her American doctors in how to best treat and care for Lia. This book is a good discussion of understanding culture relativism, and that western medicine is not inherently better than other beliefs. Have you read any good biology-related books? We would love to hear your recommendations! Madison PalmieroSenior BIOSC major and pre-PA As I move through my final semester at Pitt, I have been taking some time to reflect on my educational journey thus far. I will begin by saying that I am not big on regrets; however, if I could go back to freshman or sophomore year, when I was planning out my future semesters, there are a couple things that I would do differently. If you still have a few semesters of classes left, keep reading for some hopefully helpful advice. I don’t know about you, but scheduling classes and thinking about my future can make me sick to my stomach. I dread the two times each year when I have to get on PeopleSoft and build my schedule for the next semester. I’m not sure why it makes me so anxious, but because of this, I like to get it over with as quickly as possible. So, my first tip is to take your time while planning out future semesters. It can be tempting to rush through it, but your future self will thank you if you take the time now to make a solid plan. I suggest using a semester planner such as the one pictured below to outline your general plan. If you have any questions, the Biology Advisors and Biology Peer Advisors are a great resource. Some things to keep in mind are the required classes for your major, pre-requisites for higher-level courses, and any extra courses you may need for graduate schools. After planning out your required major courses, you may find that you have a lot of extra room in your schedule. Of course, you will need to add in your required gen-eds, but there is more flexibility here. This brings me to my next piece of advice: consider pursuing a minor, certificate, or even a double-major. Majoring in biology can seem like a daunting task, and you may feel like there is no way you could squeeze in anything extra. However, when you look at the big picture, there is plenty of time to fit in your biology credits and still have space for something else. If there is something that interests you, pursue it! Pitt offers a wide variety of minors, many of which only require 15 credits, which is equivalent to 5 courses. If you are in your first year and have six remaining semesters, you could take one course each semester, and still have space left over. To name just a few minors offered, there is Sociology, Spanish, Philosophy, and Neuroscience. To see a full list of undergraduate minors offered by the Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, click here. You can also find a full list of certificates, including American Sign Language, Global Health, and Sustainability. Knowing what I know now, if I could go back to sophomore year, I would pursue a Religious Studies minor. Clearly, this is not very applicable to biology, but I still believe it would be valuable. I think one of the most important things you can do while in college is broaden your perspective; and taking courses within a different field of study is a great way to do this. If you don’t feel a minor or certificate is right for you, I suggest using your required gen eds to introduce you to new topics. I think students often feel gen eds are a waste of their time, but I have found that if you choose the right courses, you can gain a lot of valuable information. When trying to decide which courses to take to satisfy the A&S requirements, I suggest choosing gen eds that sound interesting to you. Don’t choose a course just because you have heard it is easy; what is more important is being motivated to actually learn something from the class. Another tip would be to consider alternative ways to earn credits, such as being a UTA or participating in research. I have been a UTA for Organic Chemistry and am currently a UTA for Human Physiology, and I recommend it to anyone interested. It is a great way to get to know professors better, to practice leadership skills, and to review course material that may be helpful on a graduate admissions test or in a graduate program. Think about what class you would be interested in being a UTA for, and plan this into your schedule. With all of this being said, my last tip is don’t get too caught up in the details. You will likely have to make adjustments to your plan, as classes may fill up or only be offered at a time that does not work with your schedule. The goal of planning out your future semesters is not to have every little detail ironed out, rather, it is to help you make the most out of your time at Pitt. If you have any questions, feel free to stop by my office hour on Wednesdays from 2-3pm in Clapp L10. Julianna MenendezSenior BIOSC major & pre-med student Walking into freshman year, it feels as though everyone has this strict time schedule they hope to adhere to for the next four years. While scheduling and making years-ahead plans is never a bad thing, life tends to jump in the way and plans do not always work out. My first year I had an eight-year plan that involved moving right from undergrad into medical school, and here I am preparing to graduate in a few months with absolutely no intention of starting med school in the fall. Whether or not you plan on continuing your education in any capacity after undergrad, changes to schedules are okay! But it is also great to plan on having a gap year from the beginning! Whether you are like me - adjusting as I am going - or planned a gap from the beginning, let’s explore some options on how to fill in that time with meaningful progress (while still allowing yourself a break). Financials are often a considerable concern when deciding to pursue more education. In this case, an option would be finding (or continuing) a job in the field you wish to continue studying. Remember, during your gap year you will have a degree (!!!), so look around or ask for referrals from previous employers or professors for jobs that encompass what you’ve learned. Depending on the field you want to go into, you can do research, clinical jobs, paid internships, tutoring/teaching positions, and so much more! If you have the privilege of financial stability, there are innumerable options for unpaid internships and volunteering both nationally and internationally. While you will gain experience working in your field of study, you also gain the opportunity to move to a new environment and work with new people. Furthermore, various forms of service to a community or population look very good on graduate/professional school applications. If neither of those interest you, many people choose to travel during their gap years to experience, interact with, and learn from different cultures. In doing so, students gain valuable experiences to take with them to their further education, or these different experiences may allow them to find a new path entirely!
Gap years can be an incredible opportunity to continue your education before continuing your education (stick with me here :)). Graduate and professional schools can be competitive to get into, and components such as GPA, GRE/MCAT scores, and experience can play a significant role in your entry into programs. If you struggled in undergrad or didn’t perform as well as you’d hoped on your exam, a gap year is a great time to retake courses, boost your GPA, or study and retake your exam. If you feel secure in those aspects but not as secure in your experience, a gap year provides you with ample time to gain the specific experiences you feel will bolster your applications. Ultimately, moving straight through is not for everyone in the same way that taking a gap year is not for everyone. However, gap years can provide valuable time to take it easy on yourself while also better-preparing yourself for the future. Ekeoma UzoukwuSenior MICRO major and pre-MD/PhD Like most prospective biology majors, I came into Pitt knowing I wanted to study medicine. I registered for my biology and chemistry classes in my first year, joined different organizations, and began to embed myself in my new community. In this first year, I began plating the seeds for my journey as a pre-med student. In the summer before my sophomore year, I began seeking different ways to not only become a more competitive applicant but also for ways to enhance my experience as a biology student at Pitt. My sister advised me to try working in a lab and conducting research in the fall of my sophomore year, and thus began a whole other journey in itself.
I spent the last month of that summer exploring and emailing a number of labs here at Pitt. This was not a difficult task with the vast amount of research labs the city of Pittsburgh has to offer. The part that was hard for me was trying to decipher what kind of researched I wanted to actually do and who would have the patience to teach me the ins and outs of lab work. After a series of emails, I found these qualities in the microBiointerface lab led by Dr. Tagbo Niepa. In my sophomore year, I began my time in the lab and learned much more in those first few months then I had in all my challenging science classes. Here, I was introduced into a world in which I was responsible for work that could make a difference in the science community. I wasn’t just studying for a test that I would forget about in week or applying known and straight forward information into problem solving. I was creating new and better approaches to important issues. I discovered that in a lab, there a multitude of questions and you don’t have to accept just one answer. There are multiple answers and more solutions out there for our questions. Soon, going into lab became part of my daily life and I grew to love working behind that lab bench. As my passion for research grew, my confusion as to what my future career path would be grew with it. My dreams of becoming a doctor had not changed, but I could not ignore this newfound love for conducting research. I expressed these concerns to my mentor and what she said next changed the entire course of my career path. She asked me, “Why don’t you apply for an MD-PhD program?” Looking at my confused face, she proceeded to explain that studying to become a physician and conducting research were not mutually exclusive. There was a whole dual degree program dedicated to training physician scientists, individuals with a passion for research, medicine, and innovation. This program described me to a T and just like that I was no longer a just pre-med student nor a potential researcher. I became a prospective physician scientist. Lori Huang4th year BIOSC major and pre-med student I have a confession to make. I am a candle fiend. 90% of my desk is covered in candles and the Bath & Body Works employees at the Waterfront recognize me with a mask on. What better way to spend my Saturday afternoon than to visit Mix Candle Co. in Lawrenceville? Mix Candle Co. is a small shop where you can not only buy candles but make them yourself. Once you enter the store, your eyes are immediately drawn to the left wall, which is equipped with shelves upon shelves of sample candles. Each sample candle has been infused with a different scent, from gardenia to cashmere to even bacon. This is where you will sniff each sample to select which scents you want in your candle. Once you’ve exhausted your nose, you can head over to the Fragrance Bar in the center of the store to begin crafting your custom candle. As you’re seated at the bar, the store’s Mixologists will guide you through the process of mixing your candle and recommend which fragrances from your list will form pleasant combinations. After you’ve finished selecting your scent profile, the Mixologists will provide you with the corresponding fragrance oils, which you will mix into hot, liquid soy wax in a jar of your choice. From there, all you have to do is wait for the candles to solidify. While I was waiting for my verbena, sea kelp, and key lime pie concoction (I know it sounds strange, but it actually smelled amazing) to cool, I ventured outside of the store to walk around Lawrenceville. There are a lot of interesting businesses and restaurants to explore, so by the time you’re done breezing in and out of Lawrenceville’s unique stores, your candle will be ready. I had a great time sipping coffee while losing pinball games at the Kickback Pinball Café and sifting through the Pittsburgh-themed merchandise at the Wild Card gift shop. When you return to Mix Candle Co., you will be given your candle in a bright blue bag and, if you’re like me, immediately light it when you return home. Having burned through it pretty quickly (yes, I did burn it every day), I am eager to return to Mix Candle Co. and make another. If you’re not into candles, I still encourage you to take a break from studying and explore Pittsburgh! In such a wonderful and diverse city, I’m sure you’ll find something you’ll enjoy. |
Pitt Bio BlogThe Pitt Bio Blog is maintained by the Department of Biological Sciences Advising Office. Posts are authored by our students Archives
January 2022
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